Dieting - Wikipedia. Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight. In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet. A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight. Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle). Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health. In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes. Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low- fat, low- carbohydrate, low- calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting. In his 1. 86. 3 pamphlet, Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, he outlined the details of a particular low- carbohydrate, low- calorie diet that had led to his own dramatic weight loss. He himself was tremendously overweight and would constantly eat large quantities of rich food and drink. He began a meatless diet, taking only milk and vegetables, and soon regained his health. He began publicly recommending his diet for everyone suffering from obesity. In 1. 72. 4, he wrote An Essay of Health and Long Life, in which he advises exercise and fresh air and avoiding luxury foods. It described the benefits of a meat diet for those suffering from diabetes, basing this recommendation on Matthew Dobson's discovery of glycosuria in diabetes mellitus. In 1. 86. 3, he wrote a booklet called Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, which contained the particular plan for the diet he had successfully followed. His own diet was four meals per day, consisting of meat, greens, fruits, and dry wine. The emphasis was on avoiding sugar, sweet foods, starch, beer, milk and butter. Banting’s pamphlet was popular for years to come, and would be used as a model for modern diets. Atkins used the study to resolve his own overweight condition and went on to popularize the method in a series of books, starting with Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution in 1. In his second book, Dr.
Atkins' New Diet Revolution (1. Low- fat. Calorie consumption is reduced because less fat is consumed. Diets of this type include NCEP Step I and II. A meta- analysis of 1. Low- carbohydrate diets are sometimes ketogenic (i. Low- calorie. Some of the most commonly used low- calorie diets include DASH diet and Weight Watchers. The National Institutes of Health reviewed 3. They found that these diets lowered total body mass by 8% in the short term, over 3–1. Men should have at least 1,8. Very low- calorie. They subject the body to starvation and produce an average loss of 1. These diets are not recommended for general use as they are associated with adverse side effects such as loss of lean muscle mass, increased risks of gout, and electrolyte imbalances. People attempting these diets must be monitored closely by a physician to prevent complications. Many of these use herbs or celery and other juicy low- calorievegetables. Religious. The Daniel Fast resembles the vegan diet in that it excludes foods of animal origin. Examples include Lent in Christianity; Yom Kippur, Tisha B'av, Fast of Esther, Tzom Gedalia, the Seventeenth of Tamuz, and the Tenth of Tevet in Judaism. Eastern Orthodox Christians fast during specified fasting seasons of the year, which include not only the better- known Great Lent, but also fasts on every Wednesday and Friday (except on special holidays), together with extended fasting periods before Christmas (the Nativity Fast), after Easter (the Apostles Fast) and in early August (the Dormition Fast). Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints (Mormons) generally fast for 2. Sunday of each month. Like Muslims, they refrain from all drinking and eating unless they are children or are physically unable to fast. Fasting is also a feature of ascetic traditions in religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma's Net Sutra may recommend that the laity fast . Members of the Baha'i Faith observe a Nineteen Day Fast from sunrise to sunset during March each year. Nutrition. They also agree on the importance of reducing salt intake because foods including snacks, biscuits, and bread already contain ocean- salt, contributing to an excess of salt daily intake. It offers a wide array of personalized options to help individuals make healthy food choices. It also provides advice on physical activity. It is important to know the amount of energy your body is using every day, so that your intake fits the needs of one's personal weight goal. Someone wanting to lose weight would want a smaller energy intake than what they put out. There is increasing research- based evidence that low- fat vegetarian diets consistently lead to healthy weight loss and management, a decrease in diabetic symptoms. The first source to which the body turns is glycogen (by glycogenolysis). Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate, 6. It is created from the excess of ingested macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates. When glycogen is nearly depleted, the body begins lipolysis, the mobilization and catabolism of fat stores for energy. In this process, fats, obtained from adipose tissue, or fat cells, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which can be used to generate energy. The former include Weight Watchers and Peertrainer. The latter include Overeaters Anonymous and groups run by local organizations. These organizations' customs and practices differ widely. A low-fat diet is one that restricts fat and often saturated fat and cholesterol as well. Low-fat diets are intended to reduce diseases such as heart disease and obesity. Some groups are modelled on twelve- step programs, while others are quite informal. Some groups advocate certain prepared foods or special menus, while others train dieters to make healthy choices from restaurant menus and while grocery- shopping and cooking. Food diary. A 2. 00. During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of the brain, causes the body to deplete its glycogen stores. Once glycogen is depleted the body begins to fuel the brain using ketones, while also metabolizing body protein (including but not limited to skeletal muscle) to be used to synthesize sugars for use as energy by the rest of the body. Most experts believe that a prolonged fast can lead to muscle wasting, although some dispute this. The use of short- term fasting, or various forms of intermittent fasting have been used as a form of dieting to circumvent this issue. While there are studies that show the health and medical benefits of weight loss, a study in 2. Finns over an 1. 8- year period showed that weight loss from dieting can result in increased mortality, while those who maintained their weight fared the best. The Nurses' Health Study, an observational cohort study, found that low carbohydrate diets based on vegetable sources of fat and protein are associated with less coronary heart disease. A long term study that monitored 4. Swedish women however suggests that a low carbohydrate- high protein diet, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A more recent meta- analysis that included randomized controlled trials published after the Cochrane review. These results can be understood because weight loss is mainly governed by daily caloric deficit and not by the particular foods eaten. The diet based around this research is called the Low GI diet. Low glycemic index foods, such as lentils, provide a slower, more consistent source of glucose to the bloodstream, thereby stimulating less insulin release than high glycemic index foods, such as white bread. Thus the authors concluded that the high- carbohydrate, low- glycemic index diet was the most favorable. Bonus Feature #3: A $15.95 value - 7 Nutrition Tips that will help you lose fat permanently. It's a fact, 90% of the people who go on latest and greatest fat diets. A meta- analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that low glycemic index or low glycemic load diets led to more weight loss and better lipid profiles. However, the Cochrane Collaboration grouped low glycemic index and low glycemic load diets together and did not try to separate the effects of the load versus the index. PMC 1. 31. 93. 49 . PMID 1. 63. 89. 24. PMC 2. 76. 33. 82 . PMID 1. 92. 46. 35. PMID 2. 51. 82. 11. Retrieved 2. 9 November 2. The American Psychologist. PMID 1. 74. 69. 90. In sum, there is little support for the notion that diets . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. PMID 1. 16. 84. 52. Retrieved 2. 2 December 2. PMC 3. 04. 17. 37 . PMID 2. 12. 61. 93. Nutr Res Rev. 2. 2 (1): 9. PMID 1. 95. 55. 52. PMID 1. 75. 38. 59. Wolin (2. 00. 9). Obesity (Biographies of Disease). Westport, Conn: Greenwood. ISBN 0- 3. 13- 3. Retrieved 1. 7 December 2. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus: Edited by C. Ronald Kahn .. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Retrieved 2. 0 June 2. Chalem (5 September 2. Essential Diabetes Leadership. Laurence Chalem. ISBN 9. Retrieved 2. 0 June 2. Britannica (1. 1 ed.). Retrieved 2. 6 December 2. Second Opinions. Retrieved 2. December 2. 00. 7. Letter on Corpulence. USA: New York: Cosimo Classics. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 5. Retrieved 2. 8 December 2. Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. ISBN 9. 78. 08. 65. Counsels on Diet and Foods(PDF). Lipids in Health and Disease. PMC 2. 94. 17. 56 . PMID 2. 08. 15. 90. Retrieved 2. 6 July 2. Archived from the original on 2. May 2. 01. 0. Retrieved 2. July 2. 01. 0. Current Diabetes Reports. ISSN 1. 53. 9- 0. PMID 2. 04. 25. 57. E.; Scherwitz, L. W.; Billings, J. H.; Armstrong, W. T.; Ports, T. A.; Mc. Lanahan, S. M.; Kirkeeide, R. L.; Brand, R. The Lifestyle Heart Trial. ISSN 0. 14. 0- 6. PMID 1. 97. 34. 70. ISSN 1. 54. 8- 9. PMC 2. 73. 90. 45 . PMID 1. 61. 74. 87. Retrieved 1 May 2. PLo. S Medicine. 2 (6; e. PMC 1. 16. 05. 79 . PMID 1. 59. 71. 94. PMID 2. 02. 12. 49. PMID 1. 70. 93. 25. British Medical Journal. PMC 3. 38. 38. 63 . PMID 2. 27. 35. 10. Pirozzo, Sandi, ed. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2): CD0. PMID 1. 20. 76. 49. PMID 1. 27. 61. 36. PMID 1. 27. 61. 36. PMID 1. 56. 32. 33. Retrieved 2. 1 September 2. PMID 1. 64. 76. 86.
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